Commelina benghalensis (草本植物)

生态 分布 管理 影响 参考数据 联系

管理信息 预防措施：预防圆叶鸭跖草(Commelina benghalensis)在农业用地，建立密集的植群，有助于避免积累大型种子库。种植覆盖性的农作物，可以用来窒息圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)植群，但在种植覆盖作物之前，可能需要先进行机械或化学移除方法。增加大豆，玉米种植密度有助于控制和遮掉圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)(Flanders, 2007；NAPPO, 2003; Prostko, 2005)。 物理方法：拔除或使用锄头或机械等工具挖除，通常成功率很低，因为圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)会再生。在一项比较传统耕作方式和带状耕作的研究中，在种植花生和棉花后，计算杂草数目，发现传统耕作方式中，圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)的密度较低(3 plants/m2与 60 plants/m2)(Brecke, 2007；NAPPO, 2003)。 化学方法：使用长效性除草剂，来对抗圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)经常是最有效的，因为此杂草，整个生长季节都能发芽。圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)能耐受草甘磷。一项研究显示，第一次施用草甘磷时，加入甲氧毒草胺，在传统耕作时可增加控制率到96%，带状耕作 时可增加控制率到75%， 对土壤的干扰率50% 。Prostko(2005)报告说，Dual Magnum"是最有效的长效性除草剂，可用来控制棉花田中的圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)。Prostko还建议在花生田中使用"Dual Magnum"，可成功抑制此杂草，特别是如果有0.5英寸以上的雨水或在灌溉期7~10天内。杂草冒出后，应在圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)的幼苗达到 3~4英寸以前，施用除草剂(Brecke, 2007；Flanders, 2007)。 综合管理：使用物理方法砍除圆叶鸭跖草(C. benghalensis)时，通常会留下碎茎，碎茎能在干燥的环境下短期存活并重新发芽。碎茎必须干燥到含水量 50% ，为期 30天的时间，可使再生率降到0%，但较大的茎碎茎可能会有较长的生存期(Grey, 2007)。              地点特有的管理信息 Alabama Commelina benghalensis is listed as a 'Class A noxious weed' in Alabama (USDA NRCS 2008). California Commelina benghalensis is listed as a 'Quarantine pest' in California (USDA NRCS 2008). Florida (USA) Commelina benghalensis is listed as a 'Noxious weed' in Florida (USDA NRCS 2008). North Carolina Commelina benghalensis is listed as a 'Class A noxious weed' in North Carolina (USDA NRCS 2008). United States (USA) Commelina benghalensis is listed as: a 'Noxious weed' in the USA; a 'Prohibited' weed in Massachusetts; a 'Prohibited noxious weed' in Minnesota; a 'Quarantine' pest in Oregon; a 'Plant pest' in South Carolina and a 'Class A Noxious weed' in Vermont (USDA NRCS 2008).          管理资源 /链接 1. Brecke, B.J. and Hutto, K.C. and Stephenson, D.O. IV, 2007. Impact of Tillage and Hervicides on Tropical Spiderwort. University of Florida, West Florida Research and Education Center. Volume 38, pp. 83. The American Peanut Research and Education Society, Inc.         摘要： This article is found in a volume which is a collection of publications, mainly abstracts and technical summaries, presented at a meeting held by the American Peanut Research and Education Society Incorporated in 2006. Available from: http://www.apres.okstate.edu/old%20proceedings/Vol%2038%20Proc.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 2. Maddox, V. and Byrd, J.D. and Westbrooks, R., 2006. Invasive Species Fact Sheet: Benghal dayflower. The GeoResources Institute in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the Extension Service at Mississippi State University.         摘要： This publication is a concise fact sheet on Benghal dayflower, otherwise known as Commelina benghalensis. Available from: http://www.gri.msstate.edu/lwa/invspec/tropical_spiderwort.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 3. North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO), 2003. Pest Risk Assessment, Grains Panel Pest Facts Sheet: Commelina benghalensis L.         摘要： This fact sheet is a very informative overview of the species Commelina benghalensis including distribution, biology, identification, economic impact, and management information. Available from: http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Commelinabenghalensis.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 4. Prostko, E.P. and Culpepper, A.S. and Webster, T.M. and Flanders, J.T., 2005. Tropical Spiderwort Identification and Control in Georgia Field Crops. Circular 884, Cooperative Extension Service, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.         摘要： This publication is an excellent source for identification of Commelina benghalensis and for control pertaining to the cultivation of certain crops grown in the United States. Available from: http://www.gainvasives.org/pubs/C884.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 5. USDA, NRCS. 2008. Commelina benghalensis The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 29 April 2008). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.         摘要： Available from: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COBE2 [Accessed 30 April 2008] 6. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.         摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories. Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009] 7. Webster, T.M. and Burton, M.G. and Culpepper, A.S. and York, A.C. and Prostko, E.P., 2005. Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): A Tropical Invader Threatens Agroecosystems of the Southern United States. Weed Technology: Volume 19:501-508, 2005.         摘要： This article is an excellent source for the identification and control of Commelina benghalensis in the United States. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/person/5963/PDF/2005%20WT%2019-501-508%20Weed%20Alert.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008]          结果页： 1